Sanhedrin 31 - January 17, 17 Tevet

Today's daf is sponsored by Cheryl & Avi Savitsky and family in loving memory of Cheryl's father, Dr. Steven F. Stein, Shimon Feivish Ben Yirsroel Yitzchak haKohen, on his 41st yahrzeit. "His simchat hachayim was palpable to anyone who met him and that is something we strive to emulate each and every day."  Today's daf is sponsored by Suri Davis in loving memory of Suri's father, haRav Reuvain ben Chaim. "He loved learning Torah and particularly the daf. May his neshama have an aliyah." Today's daf is sponsored by Rachel and Oren Seliger in loving memory of Allen Kronisch, Avner Yosef ben Zelta Priva v'Yehuda Aryeh on his 35th yahrzeit. "He made the decision to be a chozer b'tshuva and in turn his children and grandchildren are following in his footsteps. Both of his children learn the daf. He is missed." The court in Nehardea established that for monetary cases, witness testimony is admissible even when witnesses disagree about details like the currency's color during their detailed questioning (bedikot). Initially, this ruling was attributed to Rabbi Yehoshua ben Karcha's view, which accepts testimony from two witnesses who observed an event separately. However, this explanation was later rejected. Instead, Nehardea's ruling was aligned with Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar's interpretation of Beit Hillel: when one witness testifies to a loan of one hundred zuz and another to two hundred zuz, the debtor must pay one hundred zuz, since both witnesses agree on at least this amount. The rabbis and Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel disagree about deadlines for submitting new evidence in two distinct cases. The accepted law follows the rabbis' opinion in one instance and Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel's view in the other. When a loan document is held by a third party, there is a question about whether that person can credibly testify that the loan was repaid. Rav Nachman made a ruling in such a case, but the Gemara presents two different versions: in one, he trusted the woman holding the document; in the other, he did not. Each version includes Rava raising an objection to Rav Nachman's decision. Rav Dimi brings Rabbi Yochanan's ruling on the dispute between the rabbis and Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel. However, since his ruling was unclear, the Rav Shmuel brings a different version of Rabbi Yochanan to clarify his position. Regarding whether one party can compel the other to have their case heard in a larger court in another city, the answer varies depending on which side makes the request.